The core of food waste treatment is
source reduction
+
分类投放 + 资源化利用Mainstream methods divide families
/
社区小型化、集中规模化两大类，兼顾环保与资源循环。
Family
/
社区小型处理（源头减量）
1.粉碎直排（家用垃圾处理器）
•
principle
Motor-driven grinding disc to crush food waste into
2-3mm
颗粒，随污水排入市政管网。
•
apply
: leftovers, fruit peels, small bones;
no investment
Crude fiber, hot oil, shells, non-food waste.
•
advantage
: Immediate reduction, no odor, no breeding of mosquitoes;
disadvantage
: It needs to be connected to the sewer, and the old community should be used with caution.
2.家庭 / 社区堆肥
•
aerobic composting
：
￮
process
: drain
chopped
mixed dead leaves
/
Wood chips (adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio)
25-30:1
）
ventilation
/
turn the pile
50-60℃
fermentation
20-45
Tiancheng fat.
￮
product
Organic fertilizer (for growing flowers)
/
种菜）。
•
earthworm composting
：
￮
Earthworm digestion and decomposition to produce vermicompost (organic matter)
≥30%
), balcony
/
Yard is suitable.
3.小型生物降解机
•
principle
High temperature aerobic
+
复合菌种，24-72 小时分解，减量 85%-90%，产有机残渣。
•
apply
Home, restaurant, community, automatic temperature control moisture deodorization.
Second, large-scale centralized processing (municipal
/
大型场所）
1.厌氧消化（主流）
•
process
：
Pretreatment (sorting)
broken
Press dehydration
Three-phase separation)
Anaerobic fermentation (
35-55℃
）
Biogas utilization
Biogas residue
/
Biogas slurry resource utilization
。
•
product
：
￮
Biogas
(Methane
60%-70%
）：发电、供热、提纯为生物天然气。
￮
Biogas residue
/
沼液Processing of organic fertilizers.
•
advantage
: High energy recovery, airtight and odorless, and significant reduction.
2.好氧堆肥（大型）
•
process
: pretreatment
ingredients
Fermentation chamber (ventilated,
55-65℃
）
decomposing
screening
Organic fertilizer.
•
apply
Community, farm, products are used for landscaping and soil improvement.
3.黑水虻生物转化（新兴）
•
principle
: Larvae feed on food waste,
48小时处理 70% 垃圾量。
•
product
：
￮
Worm body
Crude protein
45%
，水产 / 畜禽饲料。
￮
worm feces
: High-quality organic fertilizer.
•
advantage
High efficiency, small footprint and high product value.
4.焚烧 / 热解气化
•
incineration
: high temperature (
850-1100℃
）燃烧，产热发电，减量 90% 以上，需烟气净化。
•
pyrolysis gasification
: Anaerobic high temperature decomposition, generating combustible gas for power generation, with less residue.
•
apply
: Difficult to handle residues, mixed garbage, and extremely strong reduction.
5.饲料化处理
•
process
: sorting
dehydration
High temperature sterilization (killing Salmonella)
/
Avian flu)
desalination
drying
Protein feed.
•
Attention
Strictly control homologous pollution (food waste feeding livestock and poultry must comply with specifications).
III. Core pretreatment process (necessary for all processes)
1.
sorting and impurity removal
Remove plastics, metals, paper towels, bones, etc.
2.
crushing pulping
: Particle size
5-20mm
，增大分解面积。
3.
Press dehydration
The moisture content is reduced to
60%-70%
，分离废油。
4.
three-phase separation
: oil
Biodiesel; Water
Sewage treatment; slag
fermentation
/
Compost.
IV. Method comparison (quick selection)
method | applicable scenario | cycle | main product | advantage | disadvantage |
Household shredder | family | immediate | sewage | Convenient and odorless | You need to go into the water and use it carefully in the old house. |
home composting | Balcony | 20-45 | Organic fertilizer | Low cost, circular | Long cycle, smelly |
anaerobic digestion | Municipal | 15-30 | Biogas, organic fertilizer | Energy. Scale. | High investment and complex process |
Black soldier fly conversion | community | 2-3 | Bug protein, bug manure | Efficient and high-value | Temperature control and technical threshold are required |
aerobic composting | community | 30-45 | Organic fertilizer | Mature and easy to operate | Long cycle and large footprint |
V. Family Practice Suggestions
1.
source classification
Special bucket, drained water, impurities.
2.
Priority shredding
Install a garbage disposal for immediate disposal.
3.
Balcony composting
: Use a sealed compost bucket, mix dead leaves, and drain regularly to deodorize.
4.
standardized delivery
: According to community requirements, ensure back-end resources.
